Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Covid-19 infection among all the immunized dental professionals and students in Ernakulam district of Kerala. Materials and Methods: A structured and validated questionnaire comprising of twelve questions was distributed to the students of five dental colleges in the Ernakulam district of Kerala. The questionnaire evaluated the vaccination status, dose and brand of vaccine received, duration of clinical practice, COVID -19 infection after vaccination, associated symptoms if any , among them.  Results: The dental students included 307 females and 105 males , majority of them had contracted the disease even after immunization. 43 % of them had mild symptoms .The differences observed were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Among the immunized dental professionals and students ,our study found a lower frequency of Covid -19 infection with a considerable decline in Covid symptoms. Keywords: COVID -19, Immunization, Covishield , Dental professionals.

Aim and objective: Stress can affect the immunity system through different physiological pathways and also alters the inflammatory markers. The current study has designed to evaluate the effect of acute water immersion stress on selected immunity markers on albino rats. Materials and methods: Twelve male albino rats were selected and examined. Rats were divided into two groups as control and experimental. Acute water immersion stress was induced in experimental group. Blood samples were collected and inspected for immunity markers. Results: All the markers showed marked changes in acute stress. Changes in CD4 and CD8 showed strong significant changes. Conclusion: The study reported the immunomodulatory effect of acute stress in albino rats. Keywords:  Acute stress, Albino rats, immunity markers

Background: Tobacco has been a worldwide public health threat and a cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. Most people who use tobacco regularly are unable to quit because of nicotine’s addictive properties. Overcoming addiction is difficult, even though most users express a desire to reduce the use or stop. Tobacco cessation may require both pharmacologic and behavioural treatments. It is imperative that dental professionals need to have an appropriate knowledge regarding the pharmacological interventions of tobacco cessation, that will enable them to aid in patient education, counselling, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of associated conditions. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. The target population was the clinical dental students, House surgeons, and teaching faculty. The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of questions on professional data – designation/year of study of respondents. The second part consisted of 16 questions to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding pharmacological interventions for tobacco cessation. Informed consent was obtained prior to distribution of questionnaires. Results: The study was conducted among a total of 392 participants that included 328 students/house surgeons and 64 faculty members. About 95% of the respondents were interested in helping their patient’s quit tobacco. Only 64.28% were aware of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of tobacco cessation. About 72.95%, were aware of nicotine replacement therapy. About 35.2% of the respondents agreed that patients had sought their assistance in tobacco cessation. Over 97% believed that they need further training in pharmacological methods of tobacco cessation. Conclusion: The study attributes that the dental students, house surgeons and teaching faculty members who participated in the survey had a good attitude towards tobacco cessation interventions. The knowledge and practice components were relatively weaker. Key words: Tobacco use cessation, nicotine addiction, dentist’s role